Hospitalism refers to the negative physical or psychological effects of prolonged hospital stays or institutional care, especially in children. - The term was first used in the early 20th century by Austrian psychoanalyst [[René Spitz]], who observed developmental delays in children raised in hospitals or orphanages. - It highlights issues like lack of emotional care, limited stimulation, or even the sterile, impersonal environment of such institutions. - In extreme cases, children affected by hospitalism could develop depression, fail to thrive, or struggle with forming healthy relationships later in life. - A sad historical example: Spitz found that children in orphanages often deteriorated emotionally and physically despite having their basic needs (like food) met, due to lack of affection or interaction. - These findings led to major reforms in childcare, promoting foster care or smaller, more nurturing environments over large institutions. *** Page created on: [[2025-01-22]]